打孩子犯法！日本擬立法禁止父母體罰孩子

日本虐童事件頻發引發了社會的廣泛關注。近日，日本打算對現行的兒童福利法案進行修訂，禁止父母體罰子女，但也引發了網友對於體罰、虐待以及法律可行性的討論。

日本將禁止父母體罰子女 Via Japan Today

The planned law revisions are also aimed at strengthening the authority of child welfare centers to ensure prompt separation of children from abusive parents. Foster parents and welfare workers will also be banned from physically punishing children as a means of discipline.

計劃中的法律修訂案還旨在加強兒童福利中心的權威，從而確保能夠迅速將受虐待兒童與施虐父母進行分離。修訂案還將禁止養父母和福利工作者以體罰的方式來約束兒童。

ViaJapan Today

日本政府計劃於3月中旬批准此次修訂，並在當前國會會議期間制定立法。

據The Japan Times此前的報道，2018年，日本疑似遭受虐待的兒童和青少年數量創下歷史新高。

Police reported the suspected abuse of a record-high80,104 minorsaged below 18 to child welfare authorities in 2018 amid growing public awareness of the problem, government data showed Thursday.

政府公布的數據顯示，2018年，警方向兒童福利機構報告的疑似遭受虐待的18歲以下未成年人數達80,104名，創下歷史新高，公眾對於這一問題的關注不斷提高。

The figure rose by22.4 percentfrom a year earlier, surpassing 80,000 for the first time since comparable data became available in 2004, according to preliminary figures released by the National Police Agency. The number is upthirteenfoldfrom 2008.

根據日本警察廳公布的初步數據，這一數字比去年同期增長了22.4％，自2004年可比數據出現以來首次超過80,000，比2008年增加了13倍。

Via The Japan Times

今年1月份，日本一名10歲的女孩Mia Kurihara被發現在家中死亡，這個案子又一次引發了日本社會對於體罰和虐童的關注。

10歲女孩受虐死亡，引發社會對日本虐童案的關注 圖 Via CNN

據CNN報道，1月24日，Mia Kurihara在首都東京附近的野田家中被發現死亡。之前，她曾在一份保密的學校調查問卷中給她的老師寫了一個紙條，稱她的父親Yuichiro Kurihara虐待她，並懇求學校幫助她。

"I"ve been receiving physical violence from my father," the note read.

「我爸爸對我實施身體暴力，」她在紙條中寫道。

"He wakes me up in the middle of the night. When I"m awake, he hits and kicks me. Teacher, can you do anything for me?"

「他半夜把我叫醒。我醒來之後他就打我，踢我。老師，你能幫幫我嗎？」

Via CNN

之後，Mia被保護起來，與一位親戚同住。但後來，Mia父親遞上一封自稱來自Mia的信，為自己開脫，最終官方還是決定把她送回家。

According to Hitoshi Nihei, the head of Kashiwa Child Welfare Center, who read the letter out a press conference on February 5, it read: "It was a lie that I was hit by my father. Please do not come to see me, I don"t want to see the staff from Child Welfare Center."

2月5日，當地兒童福利中心負責人Hitoshi Nihei在新聞發布會公布了這封信，信里寫道：「我撒謊了，我爸爸沒有打我。請不要來看我，我不想見兒童福利中心的工作人員。」

Via CNN

據報道，去年3月份，Mia被送回父母身邊，自此之後，兒童福利機構或者教育機構無一人去Mia家進行家訪。不到一年以後，Mia就去世了。

Via CNN

今年1月份，Mia的父母因涉嫌造成導致女兒死亡的傷害相繼被警方逮捕。而此前，Mia休完寒假之後沒有出現在學校時，其父親還向學校稱Mia住在親戚家。被捕後，Mia的父親還否認自己虐待女兒。

According to local media reports, Yuichiro has denied that he abused his daughter, telling police he used strict parenting methods but didn"t do anything wrong. Local media reports that Nagisa, the mother, has told police that she was also abused by her husband and covered up his abuse of Mia out of fear for her own safety.

據當地媒體報道，Mia的父親Yuichiro否認他虐待女兒，告訴警方他只是管教方法嚴格，但沒有做錯任何事。母親Nagisa告訴警方，她也受到了丈夫的虐待，並因擔心自己的安全而幫丈夫掩蓋虐待Mia的事實。

Via CNN

在這件案子中，日本的兒童福利機構、學校、和其他當地部門都未能給Mia提供及時的幫助，本來任何一次警醒都有可能救回她的生命。

同樣的慘劇也發生在了5歲的Yua Funato身上。

Yua Funato Via Facebook

據The Mainichi報道，Yua Funato常年受到家人體罰虐待，儘管相關機構進行了干涉，也沒能制止慘劇的發生。

Via The Mainichi

Yua Funato曾經隨母親Yuri與繼父Yudai一同生活。

2016年時，就有鄰居報警聽到Yua在家哭喊。當地兒童福利中心的工作人員去家訪時，母親Yuri則聲稱孩子哭鬧很正常。

A few months later on the night of Dec. 25, Yua was found left outside of the home in her pajamas. It was confirmed that she had been assaulted by Yudai, and the center moved her into temporary protective custody.

幾個月後，（2016年）12月25日晚上，有人發現Yua穿著睡衣站在家門外。經證實，她遭到了Yudai的毆打，當地兒童福利中心對她進行了臨時保護。

Via The Mainichi

2017年2月，繼父表現出悔改之意，Yua被送回家中。而一個月後，又被當地有關部門保護起來。

Even after Yua was released from custody the second time, bruises were discovered on her face and thighs in August and September 2017. Yua told the doctor, "Daddy beat me. Mommy was there too."

甚至在Yua第二次被送回家之後，2017年8月和9月，她的臉和大腿上又被發現存在瘀傷。Yua告訴醫生，「爸爸打了我。媽媽當時也在。」

Via The Mainichi

然而還沒等福利機構再次進行干預，他們就搬家了。

The move appears to have aggravated the abuse, and Yua died on March 2, 2018. The little girl who pleaded,"Please, please forgive me,"in desperate notes to her parents would have celebrated her sixth birthday at the end of June.

搬家之後，虐待行為愈演愈烈。2018年3月2日，Yua去世。可憐的Yua在給父母的一封信中絕望地懇求：「請，請原諒我。」本來，6月底她父母就該為她慶祝六歲生日了。

Via The Mainichi

Mia和Yua的悲劇中，父母、學校、機構都有不可推卸的責任，立法的缺失也對虐童行為起到了推波助瀾的作用。

據The Mainichi報道，日本法律保障父母有權管教子女，但沒有明確條款禁止父母體罰虐待孩子。

When relevant laws were amended in 2016, the government stopped short of seeking to specifically ban corporal punishment. However, the government is now poised to incorporate a clause banning such punishment following the deaths of two girls -- Mia Kurihara, 10, of Chiba Prefecture, east of Tokyo, and Yua Funado, 5, of Tokyo -- after being allegedly abused by their parents under the pretext of discipline.

在2016年修訂相關法律時，政府並沒有明確禁止體罰。然而，在東京以東的千葉縣的10歲小姑娘Mia Kurihara和5歲的東京小姑娘Yua Funado因為受到父母以管教為名的虐待而去世後，政府準備將這項條款列入立法。

Via The Mainichi

報道還提到，在實際的操作中，兒童的本應享有的合法權益也常常會被忽略，這種情況在Mia和Yua的案件中就能看到。

Children"s right to express their opinions freely on whether they should enter foster facilities and other matters is guaranteed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In many cases in Japan, however, relevant organizations make such decisions based on the opinions of children"s parents.

兒童有權就是否應該進入寄養單位以及其他事項自由發表意見，這是受到《兒童權利公約》保障的。然而在日本，許多情況下，相關組織仍然還是根據兒童父母的意見來做相關的決定。

Amended legislation would state that the government will consider strengthening the system to protect children"s rights, such as thoroughly listening to the opinions of children and appointing experts and establishing organizations specializing in expressing infants" opinions on their behalf.

修訂後的立法將規定，政府要考慮加強保護兒童權利，例如徹底聽取兒童的意見，任命專家和建立專門機構來為兒童發聲。

Via The Mainichi

這次的立法修訂也引發了網友對於父母教育方式的討論，以及立法是否能夠真的制止體罰虐待：

@Strangerland:If you』re hitting your kid, it』s poor parenting.

打孩子是很糟糕的養育方式。

@smartacus:I"d also like to know how they are going to enforce it. And does it mean that if a parent smacks his/her child, they are breaking the law?

我想知道他們將如何執行。這是否意味著，如果父母打了孩子一巴掌就違法了？

@Strangerland:「Banning physical punishment is not going to stop it happening. It』s only going to address child abuse after the fact.」

以法律禁止體罰並不能阻止事情發生。它只能夠在事後解決虐待兒童問題。

@Speed:Sorry, not all kids are the same. Most kids you can discipline them with words and non-corporal punishment. But for a few kids, it just doesn"t work and they do things that deserve a smack or spanking with a hand or a belt.

並非所有孩子都一樣。對於大多數孩子，你可以用言語和非體罰來管教他們。對有些孩子不管用，他們乾的那些熊事情就是欠揍欠收拾。

Making it illegal to physically discipline your child even if the situation calls for it isn"t the answer. Punishing parents who abuse this power should be the goal. That"s why they call it child abuse. It"s different from proper physical punishment.

將在某種極端情況下對孩子進行體罰規定為違法，並不能解決問題。應該懲罰濫用這種權力的父母，也就是說虐童行為。這與適當的體罰是不同的。

Via Japan Today

你認為體罰和虐待有什麼不同？立法能夠真正制止體罰或者虐待行為嗎？歡迎在留言里討論。

文：Sasa

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