紅山文化 高古玉面具

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紅山文化 高古玉面具

規格：通長：13.7cm 重：413.6g

藏品介紹：

面具是遠古先民內心世界的象徵和寫照符號，也是對自然崇拜、部族圖騰和逝去宗親的物化表達。

面具以其豐富的內涵和特殊的造型，被廣泛運用於狩獵、戰爭、祭祀、巫術和喪葬等活動，為世界留下了一道橫遍全球、縱觀古今的重要文化風景，至今仍然在各種具有古老民族特色的表演舞台上大放異彩。

中國是世界上面具歷史最悠久、面具流傳最廣泛的國家之一，與其他國家和民族的面具相比較，中國面具品類繁多，造型生動，形制獨特，具有鮮明的民族特色。

可以毫不誇張地說，中國面具在世界面具家族中名列前茅，佔據著顯赫的地位，其中流傳最廣、影響最大的當數儺面具、藏面具和薩滿面具。它們凝聚著中國本原文化的神韻，展現著東方審美的意趣和思想，是世界面具文化的藝術瑰寶。

古代加工面具的材料很多很雜，有木雕、皮革、布帛及金、銀、銅等金屬，還有石頭雕琢、陶土燒制的。而最為精美並豐富多彩的，則是玉面具。

紅山文化是距今五、六千年一個在燕山以北、大凌河與西遼河上游流域活動的部落集團創造的農業文化，是華夏文明的重要組成部分。玉文化在紅山文化中處於研究核心地位。

玉器是原始宗教的祀神器，巫師是玉器的持有者；玉器不是當今人們普遍認識中的禮器，而是神器，是以玉祀神的時代產物。玉不是單純意義上的礦石，被賦予了深厚的文化基因，紅山文化時期就已經進入了以玉祀神的階段。

他們選擇珍貴的美玉琢磨切磋，把古老部落的圖騰、原始神話的英雄人物以及逝去的列祖列宗的形象，永久地保留下來。

每逢舉行祭祀活動、宗教儀式，戴上這些玉面具表演，護佑部族平安，驅除妖魔鬼怪……

說起玉面具，很多人往往會將其和墓葬里出土的玉質喪葬面具又叫「玉覆面」的東西混為一談。其實，那是完全不同的兩碼事。

古人認為，玉不光能通天地，還能通鬼神；人不僅有生命，而且有靈魂。人死後只要靈魂不滅，還可以在別外一個世界裡繼續享受生活。

這是一件高古玉質的玉雕面具，是由整塊玉雕刻而成，其雕刻技藝十分細膩嫻熟，整個面部輪廓雕刻均勻，兩側有耳外凸，頭頂有冠飾，兩眼睜大，表情莊嚴而神聖確為祭祀用品，玉作為通神或者祭祀祖先的重要載體，在兩個文明中的各種禮儀場合廣泛使用。雖然中國人認為玉是山川之精英，古印第安人認為玉石是上天之石，但兩者都認為玉與神靈、健康以及美好的事物相關，把玉石當做人類與神靈世界溝通的媒介，在其精神領域中都扮演了極其重要的角色。這些非同一般的特徵也使玉器成為等級身份及權力、權威的象徵。

此件高古玉面具，保存十分完整，黑色沁與玉形成強烈的色彩反差給人以莊重的歷史感覺，手持此玉器彷彿穿越到那遙遠的古代，它不僅有古樸的包漿、厚重的歷史文化氣息，而且又有神韻鮮活的外表，充分體現了高古玉獨有的那份神韻。

Introduction to Collection of Gao Gu Yu Masks from Hongshan Culture;

Masks are symbols and portraiture symbols of the inner world of ancient ancestors. They are also materialized expressions of nature worship, tribal totems and deceased clan relatives.

Masks, with their rich connotations and special shapes, are widely used in hunting, war, sacrifice, witchcraft, funeral and other activities, leaving an important cultural landscape across the world, looking at ancient and modern times, and still shine brilliantly on various performance stages with ancient national characteristics.

China is one of the countries with the longest history of masks and the widest spread of masks in the world. Compared with masks of other countries and nationalities, Chinese masks have various types, vivid shapes, unique shapes and distinctive national characteristics.

It is no exaggeration to say that Chinese masks are among the top masks in the world, occupying a prominent position. Among them, Nuo masks, Tibetan masks and Shaman masks are the most popular and influential masks. They embody the verve of China"s original culture, show the interest and thoughts of eastern aesthetics, and are the artistic treasures of mask culture in the world.

The materials used to process masks in ancient times were many and varied, including wood carving, leather, cloth, gold, silver, copper and other metals, as well as stone carving and pottery clay firing. The most exquisite and colorful is the jade mask.

The ancient ancestors had no paper or other painting tools and could not keep their most revered and memorable images and stories forever. As a result, they chose harder stones and left eternal rock paintings on the cliff.

By the same token, they chose precious mei-yu to ponder over and learn from each other, and preserved the totems of ancient tribes, heroes of primitive myths and the images of deceased ancestors forever.

Every time sacrificial activities and religious ceremonies are held, these jade masks are put on to perform, to protect the safety of the tribe and to drive away evil spirits ...

Speaking of jade masks, many people often confuse them with jade burial masks unearthed from tombs, also known as " jade overlays." In fact, that is completely different.

The ancients believed that jade could not only communicate with heaven and earth, but also with ghosts and gods. Man has not only life but also soul. As long as one"s soul remains immortal after death, one can continue to enjoy life in another world.

Recently, xiamen bode fufu has collected a piece of high ancient jade mask of hongshan culture. the size and diameter of the collection is 13.7cm and the weight is 413.6g g. this is a high ancient jade mask carved from a whole piece of jade. its carving technique is very exquisite and skilled. the whole face is carved evenly with protruding ears on both sides, crown ornaments on the top of the head, eyes wide open, solemn and sacred expression. jade is indeed a sacrificial article. as an important carrier for gods or ancestors, jade is widely used in various ceremonial occasions in the two civilizations. Although the Chinese think jade is the elite of mountains and rivers and the ancient Indians think jade is the stone of heaven, both think jade is related to gods, health and beautiful things. They regard jade as the medium of communication between human beings and the divine world and play an extremely important role in their spiritual fields. These unusual features also make jade articles symbols of rank, power and authority.

This Gao Guyu mask is perfectly preserved. The strong color contrast between black ooze and jade gives people a solemn historical feeling. Holding this jade article seems to pass through the distant ancient times. It not only has the primitive and unsophisticated paste, thick historical and cultural atmosphere, but also has the verve and fresh appearance, fully reflecting the unique verve of Gao Guyu.

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