來自女兒老師的一封信：關於閱讀，父母應該知道的5件事……
花友@蘭波微爾家的小朋友在紐約讀幼兒園，這篇文章，是去年秋天孩子的主課老師寫給家長們的一封信，@蘭波微爾讀了後，覺得無比認同，於是將老師的信分享出來，並附上了自己的翻譯，感謝花友的分享！
本文由花友 @蘭波微爾 發布與小花生寫作計劃
秋天的紐約很美，走到哪兒都是風景。11月初來到小朋友的學校，與老師進行一對一會談，了解孩子在學校的情況。
雨後的早晨，漫步於他們小小的校園，沉浸在秋意漸濃的氣氛里，駐足很久。
校園景色
娃的班級有16-18名孩子（並非所有孩子都上全日制），一位主課老師Ms. M, 三位生活/輔助老師。學校會不時安排家長與老師、同學，以及其他家長見面，溝通學校相關事宜，也能幫家長了解孩子的在校情況，以及學習環境。
可能與現代生活略顯不入的是，孩子學校不用任何電子方式（其他學校會發emails）與家長聯繫，所有通知都以紙質的方式（如信件，或每天放在孩子文件夾里的單子）傳達，這一點與我個人倒是不謀而合。
學校安排有條有理，老師用心，這是我喜歡他們的理由。這次與主課老師Ms. M的會談，也是相當愉悅。上次家長會她送了我們一首詩，這次她遞了我一封信。這是一封關於閱讀的信，講述多年從業的她關於閱讀教育的理念，我十分欣賞。
在這裡分享給大家。
Five Things I Wish Parents Knew About Reading
我希望父母知道的五項關於關於閱讀的事
Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
運動是對身體素質的鍛煉；而閱讀是則對大腦思維的提煉。
I learned exactly how important reading was from my parents. They showed me with frequent trips to the LIBRARY, always scrounging up money for books, and, most importantly, ignoring me when they were caught up in a good book. Their "just one more chapter, and then we"ll go" or "let me finish this article before we start dinner"showed me that reading was a world that you could get wrapped in and not want to leave.
我從我父母身上了解到閱讀的重要性。他們經常帶我去圖書館，經常為我購書， 最重要的是，當他們遇到一本好書時，他們甚至可以忽略我。他們會說：「讓我再看一章，看完後我們就走」，或者會說：「讓我在晚餐前看完這篇文章」。他們自身對閱讀的態度告訴我：你可以完全沉浸在閱讀帶給你的這方天地，不離開。
校園
These days, the pressure of reading levels, words per minute, and standardized testing has put a tremendous pressure on not only teachers and students, but also parents. Here are five literacy tips for parents that I wish I could share with all families:
如今，分級閱讀、每分鐘讀的字數以及閱讀測試給老師、學生和家長帶來了巨大壓力。下面，我想和各位家長分享五向我對閱讀要領的理解：
No. 1 - This book is not too easy for your child.
1. 這本書對孩子來講並不會顯得太過容易
Reading is making meaning not word recognition.Because accuracy is easy for us to see happening, it"s easy to assume that a reader that sounds good must be making meaning. After all, they are not doing any of the things we do as readers when we"ve confused. As adults when we read a confusing text, we back up, reread, slow down, look fore more information, or ask for help. Our students will spend years learning to do that. Sometimes the fluent reading we see is only surface deep or the result of multiple readings at school.
閱讀的意義並不在於識字。因為我們比較容易看到準確性，所以會認為聽起來不錯的讀者必須要創造某種意義。畢竟，當我們感到困惑時，他們不會像我們作為讀者一樣做任何事。作為成年人，當我們在讀比較難理解的文字時，我們會來回反覆閱讀，慢慢琢磨，尋找更多信息，或尋求幫助。我們的學生需要花數年來達到這個程度。有時，我們所看見的流利閱讀只是表象，或者只是在學校進行各種閱讀訓練後的結果。
P.S. And so what if it is? I loved the Harry Potter series, and it"s definitely below my reading level.It"s okay to just love a story. That"s kind of the whole point of reading.
P.S. 如果是這樣的話呢？我喜歡《哈利波特》系列，它們的難度係數當然在我的閱讀水準之下。僅僅因喜歡一個故事而閱讀，是沒有問題的，而這才是閱讀的重點。
No. 2 - Reading levels are not a race to the top.
2. 閱讀水平不是一場競爭或比賽
Oh, reading levels. Parents, I"m sorry we"ve done this to you. Understanding acquisition of literacy is difficult (it only takes a degree or two and lifelong professional development to get a handle on it), but understanding a progression of level is easy. Parents hold onto levels because that"s all we really give them. But what does H mean to a parent? Nothing.
噢，閱讀水平。家長們，我很抱歉要對你們說這些。準確無誤地讀懂文本是一件難事兒（要掌握它大概需要獲得一兩個學位，並且花一輩子時間去研究吧），但是讓理解能力得到提升卻很容易。父母對孩子的學習成績等級很看重，是因為我們只給父母提供了孩子的學習成績。孩子得了H，對父母來說意味著什麼呢？什麼都不是。
I hope as teachers that we can replace reading levels with a discussion of reading behaviors. Fountas and Pinnell"s Literacy Continuum has an in-depth overview of every guided reading level. If you want to learn more about this, they also have an excellent article:A Level Is a Teacher"s Tool, NOT a Child"s Label.We have to change our thinking on this one before we can grow alongside parents.
作為教師，我希望我們可以通過討論閱讀來取代對閱讀水平的評估。Fountas and Pinnell"s Literacy Continuum對每個指導閱讀水平進行了深入的概述。如果你想了解更多相關信息，他們也有一篇很好的文章可以參考：A Level Is a Teacher"s Tool, NOT a Child"s Label.（《A Level 是教師的工具，不是孩子的標籤》），在我們一起成長之前，我們必須改變對這點的看法。
P.S. A great parent tool that doesn"t cost anything is the intimate gauge you have about your child"s engagement. If they like it and want to read it, it"s the right book.
P.S. 一個對父母來講不用花錢的方法是提升你對孩子參與的親密度。如果他們喜歡並希望閱讀一本書，那就是正確的書。
No. 3 - Pictures are there for a reason.
3. 圖片有它存在的理由
Please, please, please don"t cover up the pictures when reading with your child.The pictures ARE the story. Beginning readers have very little test, and the meaning comes from the pictures. When you cover the pictures, the inadvertent message is that comprehension doesn"t matter - only word accuracy has value. For our beginning readers, teaching them that they see a bunny but the word starts with "r" IS the lesson. We want them to match meaning with text, and covering up the picture takes that away.
當你與孩子閱讀時，請千萬，千萬，千萬不要掩蓋圖片。圖片是故事。初讀者的測試渠道很少，故事的意義大都來自圖片。當你覆蓋圖片時，無意中傳遞的信息是：理解變得無關緊要，只有識字的準確性才有價值。對於我們剛開始的讀者，告訴他們，當他們看到一個以「r」開頭的辭彙叫「兔子」時，是一種教學。我們希望他們能夠將意義與文本內容相匹配；而當你覆蓋圖片時，這點是無法做到的。
P.S. Reading the pictures IS real reading.It helps children develop comprehension, story telling, and a love of books. Not sure about that? Read CHALK by Bill Thomson, a wordless picture book that will make you a believer.
P.S. 閱讀圖片是真正的閱讀。它可以幫助孩子培養理解力，鍛煉孩子敘述故事，更能培養孩子對書本的熱愛。不確定嗎？建議閱讀一下Bill Thomson的Chalk，這是一本無字繪本，可以讓你認識到圖片的意義。
Bill Thomson:Chalk
No. 4 - You are showing your child exactly how important reading is (or is not)
4. 能告訴孩子閱讀有多重要的，是你展示給孩子的行為
Frustrated with your child"s lack of interest in reading? How are you showing that reading is important? I love the saying, "Don"t worry that children never listen to you; worry that they are always watching you."
你的孩子對閱讀缺乏興趣，感到沮喪嗎？你如何表明閱讀的重要性？我喜歡這樣的說法：「不要擔心孩子們從不聽你的話，而是擔心他們總在看著你。「
What message do we send our children when we schedule dance classes, soccer practices, and piano lessons that can"t be missed, but a trip to the library doesn"t get the same treatment? Show your kids the value of reading by making it a priority in your time commitments.
當我們安排舞蹈課程，足球練習和不可錯過的鋼琴課程時，圖書館之行卻沒有得到同樣的待遇，我們會給孩子傳達什麼樣的信息？當你規劃時間時，讓你的孩子知道你把閱讀放在非常高的地位。
P.S. One great way to do this is to set aside 15-30 minutes every day for a whole reading time. Everyone reads together as a read aloud or just in companionable silence.
P.S. 一個很好的方法是每天留出15-30分鐘的時間來閱讀。大家一起大聲朗讀，或一起默讀。
No. 5 - Graphic novels ARE real books.
5. 圖畫小說是真正的書籍
Yes, they are. In fact, the vocabulary is often more challenging in graphic novels because the story must be told succinctly.Let"s throw in that picture books are for all ages and stop the glorification of chapter books.Most importantly, no matter what age kiddos are, they are never too old to curl up with their parents and read a good book.
對，他們是。事實上，由於故事必須簡明扼要，辭彙在圖畫小說中往往更具挑戰性。不要一味追從章節書，圖畫書適合所有年齡段的人。最重要的是，無論什麼年齡階段的孩子，他們永遠不會因為年齡的增長而不能與父母靠在一起閱讀一本好書。
你的故事
感謝訂閱 「小花生網」
和你分享世界上先進的教育資源和方法
周一：英文原版新書開團
周二：話說思維和方法
周三：怎麼閱讀，怎麼學英語
周四、五：教育思考和實踐
周六、日：美好生活畫報、熱點討論
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