越夜越冷越明亮?夜間溫差也能發電照明
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冷夜發電
對於發達國家的大多數人來講,晚上開燈已經成為了一種新的自然本能。但在地球上的許多其他地方,供電仍成問題。
「地球上大約有十億人口仍然缺乏可靠的電力供應。想想在發展中國家的部分地區,那些生活在沒有接入電網區域的人們,對於他們來講,電力的主要應用之一即照明,而我們最需要照明的時刻就是晚上。」加州大學洛杉磯分校的材料學家奧斯沃思·拉曼(Aaswath Raman)這樣表示道。
在白天,太陽能電池能為偏遠地區提供電力,但是想要在晚上用電,就需要用電池板來儲存這些能量。拉曼的團隊想出了一種潛在的解決方案:他們發明了一種簡單的熱電裝置,暴露在寒冷的夜空時也能發電。這種裝置的實現基於「天空輻射製冷」(radiative sky cooling)現象。
拉曼解釋說,所有物體都會散發熱量。「因此……[查看全文]
Heat Loss to Night Sky Powers Off-Grid Lights
Switching on the lights at night is second nature to most people in the developed world. But electricity isn』t a given in many other parts of the globe.
「Something like a billion people on our planet still lack reliable access to electricity. Think about folks in parts of the developing world that are living in off-grid locations. And for them, one of the central applications of electricity is lighting, and we need lighting the most at night.」
U.C.L.A. materials scientist Aaswath Raman. Solar cells can provide remote areas with electricity during the day but require batteries to store that energy for use at night. Raman』s team has developed a potential solution: a simple thermoelectric device that generates power when it』s exposed to the cold night sky. It』s made possible by a phenomenon called radiative sky cooling.
All objects, Raman explains, radiate heat. 「And so…[full transcript]
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