深度 I 蘇俄獵狼犬 FCI國際純種犬標準
註：該標準中文版翻譯自FCI國際純種犬標準英文版，已發佈於CKU官網-犬種百科
22.11.2006 /EN
FCI-國際純種犬標準第 193 號
BORZOI- RUSSIAN HUNTING SIGHTHOUND
蘇俄獵狼犬
本圖片不一定代表此犬種的理想類型
ORIGIN: Russia..
起源：俄國
Date of acceptance on a definitive basis by the FCI: 1/13/1956
FCI正式認可日期：1956年1月13日
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE OFFICIAL VALID STANDARD: 25.10.2006.
正式生效標準發布日期：2006年10月25日
UTILIZATION: Hunting sighthound, racing and coursing hound.
用途：視覺獵犬，競速犬和追蹤獵犬。
FCI-CLASSIFICATION:
Group 10 Sighthounds.
Section 1 Long-haired or fringed Sighthounds.
Without working trial.
FCI分組：
第10組：視覺獵犬組
第2類：長毛或絲毛視覺獵犬
無需工作犬測試。
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY :
The Russkaya Psovaya Borzaya has been an integral part of the national culture and Russian history for 9 centuries. The French Chronicle of the XIth century shows that three Borzois accompanied the daughter of the Grand Duke of Kiev, Anna Iaroslavna when she arrived in France to become the wife of Henri I. Among the owners and breeders there were many famous people including Tsars and poets : Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great, Nicolas II, Pushkin, Turgenev. The creation of the famous kennel ? Pershinskaya okhota ? by the illustrious breeders the Grand Duke Nicolai Nicolaevitch and Dimitri Valtsev had great importance. From the end of the XIXth century, the Borzoi is seen in the biggest breeding kennels of Europe and America.
歷史沿革：
蘇俄獵狼犬 9個世紀以來已經成為了俄羅斯整個國家歷史和文化不可或缺的一部分。據法國11世紀編年史，基輔大公之女安娜·亞諾斯拉夫娜（Anna Iaroslavna）嫁給法王亨利一世時，三條蘇俄獵狼犬隨她一同抵達法國。此犬的擁有者和繁殖者中有許多名人，包括沙皇和詩人：伊萬四世，彼得大帝，尼古拉斯二世，普希金，屠格涅夫。聲名顯赫的繁殖者尼古拉·尼古拉維奇大公和狄米特瑞·瓦爾塞夫創建了著名犬舍Pershinskaya Okhota，此舉意義重大。從19世紀末開始，蘇俄獵狼就出現在歐洲和美國的最大育種狗舍中。
GENERAL APPEARANCE:
Dog of aristocratic appearance, of large size, of lean and at the same time robust constitution, of a very slightly elongated construction. Females are generally longer than males. Strong bone structure but not massive. The bones are rather flat. Muscles lean, well developed, especially on the thighs, but not showing in relief. Harmony of form and movement is of prime importance.
整體外貌：
此犬有貴族般的外表，體形大，精瘦同時體格強壯，身體結構略長。通常母犬比公犬長。骨骼結實但不笨重。骨頭相當平。肌肉精幹且發達，尤其是大腿，但放鬆時不明顯。形式與運動的和諧是最重要的。
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :
- In males the height at the withers is equal or barely superior to that from the summit of the croup to the ground.
- In females these two heights are equal.
- The height at the withers must be slightly inferior to the length of the body.
- The depth of the chest is approximately equal to half the height at the withers.
- The length of the muzzle, from the stop to the tip of the nose, is equal or slightly superior to that of the skull, from the occiput to the stop.
重要比例：
- 公犬肩高等於或稍大於臀頂點到地面的高度。
- 母犬肩高與臀頂點到地面的高度相等。
- 肩高應略低於身長。
- 胸深約等於肩高的一半。
- 口吻長度（從額段到鼻尖），等於或稍大於頭骨長度（從枕骨到額段）。
BEHAVIOUR/TEMPERAMENT:
In its everyday life the Borzoi has a quiet and balanced character. At the sight of game it gets suddenly excited. It has a piercing sight, capable of seeing very far. Its reaction is impetuous.
行為/秉性：
蘇俄獵狼犬平時性格安靜平衡。看見獵物時會突然興奮。他視力敏銳，能看得很遠，反應強烈。
HEAD: 頭部
Viewed from above as well as from the side, lean, long, narrow, aristocratic. Seen in profile, the lines of the skull and muzzle form a long, slightly convex line, the line of the sagittal crest being straight or slightly oblique towards the well marked occipital protuberance. The head is so elegant and lean that the principal veins show through the skin.
頭部：從頭部上方及從側面看，瘦、長、窄、貴族氣質。從側面看，頭骨和吻部線條修長、微凸，指向枕骨隆起的徑向脊線直或微弓。頭部優雅纖細，主靜脈透過皮膚可見。
CRANIAL REGION: 顱部區域
Skull: Narrow; seen from above : elongated into an oval shape; seen in profile, almost flat.
頭骨：窄；從上面看：呈拉長的橢圓型；從側面可，幾乎是平的。
Stop：Only very slightly marked.
頭骨：非常淺。
FACIAL REGION: 面部區域
Nose: Large, mobile, considerably prominent in relation to the lower jaw.
鼻：大，靈活，顯得相當突出。
Top of muzzle : Long, filled out in all its length, slightly arched near the nose.
上吻部：長，佔了整個長度，靠近鼻子處微弓。
Muzzle: The length of the muzzle from the stop to the tip of the nose is equal or slightly superior to that of the skull, from the occiput to the stop.
口吻：從額段到鼻尖的口吻長度等於或稍大於從枕骨到額段的頭骨長度。
Lips :Fine, clean, well fitting. The eye-rims, the lips and the nose are black whatever the colour of the coat.
唇：精緻乾淨，服帖。不論被毛為何種顏色，眼眶，嘴唇和鼻子均為黑色。
Jaws/Teeth: Strong underjaw. Teeth white, strong; scissor bite or pincer bite.
頜/齒：下頜結實。牙齒白而強健；剪狀咬合或鉗狀咬合。
Eyes: Large, very slightly prominent, expressive, dark hazel or dark brown, almond-shaped, but not slit-eyed, set obliquely.
眼睛：大，輕微凸起，有表現力。深榛色或深褐色，杏仁狀，但不是狹長的眯縫眼，位置斜。
Ears: Small, thin, mobile, set on above the eye level and backwards, pointing almost towards the nape of the neck when not alert. The tips of the ears are situated near each other or directed downwards along the neck and close to it. When the dog is alert, the ears are carried higher and on the sides or forward; sometimes one or both ears are erect like horse ears.
耳朵：小，薄，靈活，位於眼睛的後上方，非警覺時，耳尖彼此靠的較近或沿頸部徑直向下，並貼近頸部。警覺時，耳朵向兩側或向前抬高；有時一隻或兩隻耳朵像馬耳一樣豎立。
NECK: Long, clean, flattened laterally, muscled, slightly arched, never carried high.
頸部：長，乾淨，側面平，肌肉發達，略拱起，從不高高昂起。
BODY: 軀幹
Wither: Not marked.
肩：不明顯。
Back：Broad, muscled, elastic, forming with the loin and croup a curve which is more pronounced in the males. The highest point of this curve is situated ahead of the middle of the loin or in the region of the 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra.
背：寬，肌肉發達，有彈性，由腰部和臀部形成一條曲線，公犬更明顯。曲線最高點位於腰部中前方或第1或第2節腰椎區域。
Loin: Long, prominent, muscled, moderately broad.
腰：長，突出，肌肉發達，適度寬闊。
Croup : Long, broad, slightly sloping. The width of the croup measured between the two hip bones (iliac crests) must not be less than 8 cm.
臀：長，寬，略有坡度。兩臀骨（髂嵴）之間的臀寬不應小於8厘米。
Chest: Of oval cross-section, not narrow, yet not wider than the croup, deep, well developed in length, spacious, reaching down almost to elbow level. The region of the shoulder blades being flatter, the chest gets gradually wider towards the false ribs, which are short; seen in profile, it forms a change in slope. The ribs are long, slightly prominent. The forechest is slightly prominent in relation to the scapular-humeral articulation.
胸：橫截面為橢圓形，不窄，但也不能寬於臀部，深，長，胸腔空間寬，向下幾乎到達肘部。肩胛骨區域較平，胸部朝假肋方向漸漸變寬，假肋短；從側面看，坡度有變化。肋骨長，稍稍突出。肩胛肱骨關節令前胸略突出。
Belly : Well tucked up, the underline rises abruptly towards the abdomen.
腹：收緊，下腹線朝腹部方向陡然上升。
TAIL: In shape of sickle or sabre, low set, thin, long. Passed between the hindlegs, it must reach up to the hip bone (iliac crest),
furnished with abundant feathering. When the dog is standing naturally, the tail hangs downwards. In action, it is raised, but not above the level of the back.
尾：鐮刀尾或馬刀尾，位置低，細，長。從兩後腿間穿過，必須能達到臀骨（髂嵴），覆有大量飾毛。自然站立時尾下垂。運動時，尾上舉，但不能超過背部水平線。
LIMBS: 四肢
FOREQUARTERS: 前軀
General appearance :
Forelegs clean, muscled, seen from the front perfectly straight and parallel. The height of the forelegs from the elbow to the ground is equal or a little superior to half the height at the withers.
前肢整體：前腿乾淨，肌肉發達，從前面看，完全豎直並相互平行。從肘到地面的前腿高度稍大於肩高的一半。
Shoulders : Shoulder blades are long and oblique.
肩：肩胛長而傾斜。
Upper arm : Moderately oblique; its length is barely superior to the length of the shoulder blade. Angle of the scapular-humeral articulation well pronounced.
上臂：適度傾斜；長度剛剛超過肩胛骨的長度。肩胛骨-肱骨的骨連結十分明顯。
Elbows: In parallel planes to the median plane of the body.
肘：肘部與身體中心平面平行。
Forearm : Clean, long, of oval cross-section; seen from the front, narrow, seen in profile, broad.
前臂：乾淨，長，橫截面呈橢圓形；從前面看，窄，從側面看，寬。
Metacarpus（Pastern）: Slightly oblique in relation to the ground.
掌骨（系部）：與地面稍微傾斜。
LIMBS: 四肢
HINDQUARTERS: 後軀
General appearance : Seen from behind : straight, parallel, set slightly wider than the forequarters. When the dog is standing naturallly, the vertical line dropping from the ischiatic tuberosity (point of buttocks) must pass in front of the centre of the hock joint
and of the metatarsals.
整體外觀：從後面看：豎直，平行，比前軀稍寬。自然站立時，從坐骨隆起引出的垂線必須從前面穿過（臀部端點）跗關節和跖骨的中心。
Upper Thighs: Well muscled, long, placed obliquely.
大腿：肌肉發達，長，傾斜。
Lower thigh : Long, muscled, placed obliquely. The femoro-tibial and the tibio-tarsal articulations well developed, broad, clean; the angles must be well marked.
小腿：長，肌肉發達，傾斜。股脛關節和脛腓關節發達，寬，乾淨；所成角度必須十分明顯。
Metatarsus (rear pastern) : Not long, placed almost vertically. All the articulations are well angulated.
跖骨：不長，幾乎垂直。所有的骨連結角度明顯
Feet: Lean, narrow, of elongated oval shape (called ? harefeet ?); toes arched, tight; nails long, strong, touching the ground.
腳：傾斜，窄，呈拉長的橢圓形（被稱做兔足）；腳趾圓拱緊湊；趾甲長，強健，接觸地面。
GAIT/MOVEMENT:
When not hunting, the typical gait of the
Borzoi is the extended trot, effortless, very supple and lifting; when hunting the charging gallop is extremely fast, with leaps of great length.
步態/動態：
不狩獵時，該犬種典型的步態是長步小跑，輕鬆不費力，非常柔軟並且飄逸； 狩獵時，大步跳躍，賓士極為迅速。
SKIN：Supple, elastic.
皮膚：柔軟，有彈性。
COAT: 被毛
Hair: Silky, soft and supple, wavy or forming short curls, but never small tight curls. On the head, the ears and the limbs, the hair is satiny (silky but heavier), short, close lying. On the body, the hair is quite long, wavy; on the regions of the shoulder blades and the
croup, the hair forms finer curls; on the ribs and thighs, the hair is shorter; the hair which forms the fringes, the ? breeches ? and the
feathering of the tail is longer. The coat on the neck is dense and abundant.
毛質：
毛髮： 絲滑，柔軟有彈性，波浪狀或形成短的捲曲，但不能是小而緊的捲毛。頭上，耳朵上和四肢的毛光滑（絲狀但較重），短，緊貼皮膚。身體上的毛很長，波浪狀；肩胛骨和臀部的毛形成更加優美的捲曲；肋部和大腿上的毛較短；形成流蘇狀，馬褲狀的被毛，尾巴上的飾毛較長。頸部的毛髮濃密而豐滿。
Colour: All colour combinations, but never with blue, brown (chocolate) and any derivatives of these colours. All the colours may be solid or pied. The fringes, ? breeches ?, featherings of the tail are considerably lighter than the ground colour. For the overlaid colours a black mask is typical.
毛色:除藍色，褐色（巧克力色）和這些顏色的衍生色以外的任何顏色組合均可。
所有上述的顏色可能是單色或雜色。流蘇狀的被毛，馬褲狀被毛和尾巴上的飾毛顏色相應的比背景色淺。典型的覆蓋色為黑色。
SIZE: 尺寸
Desirable height at the withers :
dogs : 75 - 85 cm,
bitches : 68 - 78 cm.
In males, the height at the withers is equal or barely superior to that from the summit of the croup to the ground. In females, these
heights are equal. Subjects exceeding the maximum height are acceptable provided the typical morphology is preserved.
理想肩高：
公犬：75 – 85厘米
母犬：68 – 78厘米
公犬肩高等於或略大於臀頂點到地面的高度。母犬肩高等於臀頂點到地面的高度。只要保留典型形態，超過最大高度的犬只可以接受。
FAULTS: 缺陷
Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be
regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effect upon the health and welfare of the dog, especially:
Teeth :
- Small, abnormally worn teeth. Absence of one PM2.
- PM1s and M3s are not taken into account.
Colour :
- Flecks of the same shade as the ground colour.
任何與上述各點的背離均視為缺陷，其缺陷嚴重性嚴格地與其缺陷的程度及對犬只的健康和福利造成的影響成正例。特別是：
牙齒：
- 小，非正常磨損。缺少一顆PM2。
- PM1和M3不計算在內。
顏色：
- 除底色外有其他顏色的斑點
SEVERE FAULTS : 嚴重缺陷
General appearance :
- Stocky appearance ; short trunk.
- Heavy, round bone.
Head :
- Soft tissues.
- Blunt muzzle.
- Very pronounced stop.
- Very pronounced zygomatic arches.
- Occiput not pronounced.
Teeth :
- Lack of one PM3, one PM4 (lower jaw), one M1 (upper jaw), one M2.
Eyes :
- Deep set; yellow or light; slit eyes (too narrow palpebral aperture); showing haw.
Ears :
- Thick, coarse, with rounded tips.
Neck :
- Presence of dewlap.
Back :
- Sagging; straight back in males.
Croup :
- Goose rump.
Belly :
- Pendulous, insufficiently tucked up.
Tail :
- Coarse; in action, falling downwards.
Forequarters :
- Scapular-humeral angle too open (straight shoulder)
- In or out at elbows.
- Forearm : Of round cross-section. Any deviation of the forearm.
- Knuckling over.
- Weak in pasterns.
Hindquarters :
- Over angulated or too straight angulation.
- Close behind or spread hocks.
Feet :
- Tendency to broad, round, thick feet; cat feet, flat feet; spread toes.
Coat :
- Colour : Flecks on the body of another shade than the ground colour.
整體外觀：
- 矮壯結實；軀幹短。Soft tissues.
- 重而圓的骨骼。
頭部：
- 組織柔軟
- 口吻鈍
- 十分明顯的額段
- 十分明顯的顴弓
- 後枕骨不明顯
牙齒：
- 缺少一顆PM3，一顆PM4（下鄂），一顆M1（上鄂），一顆M2。
眼：
- 深陷，黃色或淺色；眯縫眼（眼瞼縫隙過窄）；瞬膜可見
耳：
- 厚，粗糙，耳尖圓形。
頸：
- 有贅肉
背：
- 下陷；公犬為直背
臀：
- 鵝臀
腹部：
- 下垂；收縮不足
尾：
- 粗糙；運動時向下
前軀：
- 肩胛肱骨角度太開放（直的肩）
- 肘部向內翻或向外翻
- 前臂：橫截面為圓形。任何偏離標準的前臂
- 突球上彎
- 骹骨無力
後軀：
- 角度太大或太直
- 跗關節夾緊或遠離
足：
- 太寬、太圓、太厚的腳；貓足；平足；腳趾分開。
被毛：
- 毛色：身體上有與底色不同顏色的斑點
DISQUALIFYING FAULTS: 失格缺陷
- Aggressive or overly shy.
- Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
Teeth :
- Overshot or undershot mouth.
- Wry mouth.
- Lack of one incisor, one canine, one carnassial tooth (PM4-upper jaw – M1-lower jaw), lack of more than 4 teeth (any four teeth).
- Faulty position of one or both canines of the lower jaw which, when the mouth is shut, can damage the upper gums or the palate.
Eye :
- Wall eye.
Tail :
- Corkscrew tail, broken tail (fused vertebrae), docked, even partially.
Hindquarters :
- Presence of dewclaws.
Colour :
- Brown (chocolate), Blue.
- 有攻擊性或過於羞怯。
- 任何身體和行為有明顯異常的犬都為失格。
牙齒：
- 上鄂突出或下鄂突出
- 歪嘴
- 缺少一顆門齒，一顆犬齒，一顆臼齒（PM-上顎-M1-下顎），缺少超過4顆的牙齒（任意4顆）
- 下鄂一顆或兩顆犬齒位置不正，嘴閉合時會損傷上牙齦或上齶。
眼：
- 斜視
尾：
- 螺旋尾，尾部損壞（混合椎骨），斷尾，即使部分斷尾。
前軀：
- 有狼爪
毛色：
- 棕色（巧克力色），藍色
N.B.：
- Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.
- Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.
注：
- 公犬具備兩個明顯正常且完全置於陰囊的睾丸
- 只有身體機能以及臨床表現健康的，具備典型犬種結構的犬只，才可用於繁殖。
